RFID Card (Radio‑Frequency Identification Card)

An RFID card is a smart card that uses radio waves for contact‑less data transmission.

Basic Structure and Working Principle

Core components: Built‑in microchip (IC/ID) and radio‑frequency antenna.

Working mechanism: When the card approaches a reader, the antenna receives electromagnetic wave signals emitted by the reader to obtain energy and enable communication. Data stored on the chip can be read or written without physical contact.

Common Classifications and Frequencies

1. Low‑Frequency (LF): Operating at around 125 kHz. Commonly used for animal identification, access control and attendance systems.
2. High‑Frequency (HF): Operating at 13.56 MHz. Widely applied in transit cards, access cards and NFC applications.
3. Ultra‑High‑Frequency (UHF): Operating within 860 MHz‑960 MHz. Mainly used for long‑range logistics and warehouse management.

Main Application Scenarios

• Access control & attendance: Office buildings, residential access gates, employee ID cards
• Public transportation: Metro cards, bus cards
• Identity recognition & payment: ID cards, contact‑less bank cards, hotel room keys

Key Advantages

• Easy to use: No card slot required; sensing is triggered by proximity.
• High durability: The chip is encapsulated inside the card and resistant to wear.